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Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia =... 2020Epidemiological studies have shown associations between placental measurements and perinatal and later life outcomes. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiological studies have shown associations between placental measurements and perinatal and later life outcomes.
OBJECTIVES
To report placental measurements and evaluate their association with birth weight in a Brazilian birth cohort.
METHODS
Retrospective cohort study with 958 mothers, placentas, and newborns delivered at the Ribeirão Preto Medical School Hospital, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil, in 2010 and 2011. The information was collected from interviews, medical records, and pathology reports. The placental measurements were: weight, largest and smallest diameters, eccentricity, thickness, shape, area, and birth weight/placental weight and placental weight/birth weight ratios. We analyzed the associations between birth weight and placental measurements using multiple linear regression.
RESULTS
Placental weight alone accounted for 48% of birth weight variability (p < 0.001), whereas placental measurements combined (placental weight, largest and smallest diameters, and thickness) were responsible for 50% (p < 0.001). When adjusted for maternal and neonatal characteristics, placental measurements explained 74% of birth weight variability (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Placental measurements are powerful independent predictors of birth weight. Placental weight is the most predictive of them, followed by the smallest diameter.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Brazil; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Linear Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 32130393
DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720200004 -
The Lancet. Global Health Jul 2019
Topics: Birth Weight; Body Weight; Humans
PubMed: 31103471
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30219-0 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Elevated maternal serum lipid concentrations have been related to an adverse intrauterine environment and lead to abnormal birth weight.
INTRODUCTION
Elevated maternal serum lipid concentrations have been related to an adverse intrauterine environment and lead to abnormal birth weight.
OBJECTIVE
In this study, we aimed to explore the association between maternal lipid profiles during early pregnancy and birth weight with stratified pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI).
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study was based on a large population from two major maternity centers in Shanghai, China. We included 57,516 women with singleton live birth between January 2018 and October 2020. All of the enrolled women had fasting lipid concentrations measured in early pregnancy. The primary outcomes were birth weight and risks of adverse birth outcomes, including macrosomia, large for gestational age (LGA), low birth weight (LBW), and small for gestational age (SGA).
RESULTS
Higher maternal concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density cholesterol (LDL-c) in early pregnancy were associated with increased birth weight. Ln transformed TG and levels exhibited a positive association with LGA and macrosomia (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.42 and OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24, 1.52) and showed a negative relationship with SGA (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.85). High TG (>75 percentile, 1.67 mmol/L) group also showed higher risks of LGA and macrosomia (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.15, 1.28 and OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.31) and decreased prevalence of SGA (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.83). Moreover, significant combined effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and lipid profiles on LGA and macrosomia were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated maternal lipid profiles in early pregnancy are associated with higher birth weight and increased risks of LGA and macrosomia. We propose that serum lipid profiles in early pregnancy and pre-pregnancy BMI could serve as screening indexes for high-risk women.
Topics: Birth Weight; China; Cholesterol, LDL; Female; Fetal Macrosomia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Triglycerides; Weight Gain
PubMed: 36187100
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.951871 -
Journal of Ovarian Research Apr 2024To comprehensively evaluate the effect of low birth weight on premature ovarian insufficiency. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To comprehensively evaluate the effect of low birth weight on premature ovarian insufficiency.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the literature by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Wanfang and CNKI up to August 2023. All cohort and case-control studies that included birth weight as an exposure and premature ovarian insufficiency as an outcome were included in the analysis. Data were combined using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis with fixed and random effects models and between-study heterogeneity evaluated. We evaluated risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and using Egger's method to test publication bias. All statistical analyses were performed with the use of R software.
RESULTS
Five articles were included in the review. A total of 2,248,594 women were included, including 21,813 (1%) cases of premature ovarian insufficiency, 150,743 cases of low birth weight, and 220,703 cases of macrosomia. We found strong evidence that changed the results of the previous review that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (OR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.09-1.22) in adulthood compared with normal birth weight. No effect of macrosomia on premature ovarian insufficiency was found.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis showed strong evidence of an association between low birth weight and premature ovarian insufficiency. We should reduce the occurrence of low birth weight by various methods to avoid the occurrence of premature ovarian insufficiency.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Birth Weight; Fetal Macrosomia; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Menopause, Premature; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
PubMed: 38570862
DOI: 10.1186/s13048-024-01357-9 -
Journal of Animal Science Jan 2023Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans and evidence suggests early life growth-restriction increases heart disease risk in adulthood. Therefore, this...
Heart disease is the leading cause of death in humans and evidence suggests early life growth-restriction increases heart disease risk in adulthood. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effects of low birth weight (LBW) and postnatal restricted nutrition (RN) on cardiac function in neonatal pigs. We hypothesized that LBW and RN would reduce cardiac function in pigs but this effect would be reversed with refeeding. To investigate this hypothesis, pigs born weighing <1.5 kg were assigned LBW, and pigs born >1.5 kg were assigned normal birth weight (NBW). Half the LBW and NBW pigs underwent ~25% total nutrient restriction via intermittent suckling (assigned RN) for the first 4 wk post-farrowing. The other half of piglets were allowed unrestricted suckling access to the sow (assigned NN). At 28 d of age (weaning), pigs were weaned and provided ad libitum access to a standard diet. Echocardiographic, vascular ultrasound, and blood pressure (BP) measurements were performed on day 28 and again on day 56 to assess cardiovascular structure and function. A full factorial three-way ANOVA (NN vs. RN, LBW vs. NBW, male vs. female) was performed. Key findings include reduced diastolic BP (P = 0.0401) and passive ventricular filling (P = 0.0062) in RN pigs at 28 d but this was reversed after refeeding. LBW piglets have reduced cardiac output index (P = 0.0037) and diastolic and systolic wall thickness (P = 0.0293 and P = 0.0472) at 56 d. Therefore, cardiac dysfunction from RN is recovered with adequate refeeding while LBW programs irreversible cardiac dysfunction despite proper refeeding in neonatal pigs.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Female; Male; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Birth Weight; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Heart Diseases; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 37880833
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad364 -
Environmental Health : a Global Access... Jul 2010Studies have identified relationships between air pollution and birth weight, but have been inconsistent in identifying individual pollutants inversely associated with...
BACKGROUND
Studies have identified relationships between air pollution and birth weight, but have been inconsistent in identifying individual pollutants inversely associated with birth weight or elucidating susceptibility of the fetus by trimester of exposure. We examined effects of prenatal ambient pollution exposure on average birth weight and risk of low birth weight in full-term births.
METHODS
We estimated average ambient air pollutant concentrations throughout pregnancy in the neighborhoods of women who delivered term singleton live births between 1996 and 2006 in California. We adjusted effect estimates of air pollutants on birth weight for infant characteristics, maternal characteristics, neighborhood socioeconomic factors, and year and season of birth.
RESULTS
3,545,177 singleton births had monitoring for at least one air pollutant within a 10 km radius of the tract or ZIP Code of the mother's residence. In multivariate models, pollutants were associated with decreased birth weight; -5.4 grams (95% confidence interval -6.8 g, -4.1 g) per ppm carbon monoxide, -9.0 g (-9.6 g, -8.4 g) per pphm nitrogen dioxide, -5.7 g (-6.6 g, -4.9 g) per pphm ozone, -7.7 g (-7.9 g, -6.6 g) per 10 microg/m3 particulate matter under 10 microm, -12.8 g (-14.3 g, -11.3 g) per 10 microg/m3 particulate matter under 2.5 microm, and -9.3 g (-10.7 g, -7.9 g) per 10 microg/m3 of coarse particulate matter. With the exception of carbon monoxide, estimates were largely unchanged after controlling for co-pollutants. Effect estimates for the third trimester largely reflect the results seen from full pregnancy exposure estimates; greater variation in results is seen in effect estimates specific to the first and second trimesters.
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that maternal exposure to ambient air pollution results in modestly lower infant birth weight. A small decline in birth weight is unlikely to have clinical relevance for individual infants, and there is debate about whether a small shift in the population distribution of birth weight has broader health implications. However, the ubiquity of air pollution exposures, the responsiveness of pollutant levels to regulation, and the fact that the highest pollution levels in California are lower than those regularly experienced in other countries suggest that precautionary efforts to reduce pollutants may be beneficial for infant health from a population perspective.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Birth Weight; California; Child; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Middle Aged; Particulate Matter; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 20667084
DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-9-44 -
Journal of Animal Science Jun 2022In livestock, mortality in general, and mortality of the young, is societal worries and is economically relevant for farm efficiency. Genetic change is cumulative; if it... (Review)
Review
In livestock, mortality in general, and mortality of the young, is societal worries and is economically relevant for farm efficiency. Genetic change is cumulative; if it exists for survival of the young and genetic merit can be estimated with sufficient accuracy, it can help alleviate the pressure of mortality. Lack of survival is a moving target; livestock production is in continuous change and labor shortage is a given. There is now ample evidence of clear genetic variance and of models able to provide genomic predictions with enough accuracy for selection response. Underlying traits such as birth weight, uniformity in birth weight, gestation length, number of teats, and farrowing duration all show genetic variation and support selection for survival or, alternatively, be selected for on their own merit.
Topics: Animals; Birth Weight; Female; Litter Size; Phenotype; Pregnancy; Swine; Weaning
PubMed: 35708592
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac190 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2015There have been several epidemiologic studies on the relationship between high birth weight and the risk for bone tumor in the past decades. However, due to the rarity... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
There have been several epidemiologic studies on the relationship between high birth weight and the risk for bone tumor in the past decades. However, due to the rarity of bone tumors, the sample size of individual studies was generally too small for reliable conclusions. Therefore, we have performed a meta-analysis to pool all published data on electronic databases with the purpose to clarify the potential relationship. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 independent studies with more than 2796 cases were included. As a result, high birth weight was found to increase the risk for bone tumor with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.13, with the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) ranging from 1.01 to 1.27. The OR of bone tumor for an increase of 500 gram of birth weight was 1.01 (95% CI 1.00-1.02; p = 0.048 for linear trend). Interestingly, individuals with high birth weight had a greater risk for osteosarcoma (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06-1.40, p = 0.006) than those with normal birth weight. In addition, in the subgroup analysis by geographical region, elevated risk was detected among Europeans (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.00-1.29, p = 0.049). The present meta-analysis supported a positive association between high birth weight and bone tumor risk.
Topics: Birth Weight; Bone Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Odds Ratio; Osteosarcoma; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26371026
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911178 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2018The management of children with low birth weight is not the same in countries with different resources. The authors assessed the association of birth weight with blood...
OBJECTIVE
The management of children with low birth weight is not the same in countries with different resources. The authors assessed the association of birth weight with blood pressure and nutritional status in a representative sample of adolescents from a Brazilian state, aiming to identify possible consequences of these differences.
METHODS
A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted with adolescents (12-18 years) enrolled in public and private schools. Birth weight, office blood pressure, home blood pressure measurements, and nutritional status (body mass index, height z-score for the age, and waist circumference) were assessed. The association of birth weight with the outcomes (blood pressure, height, body mass index, and waist circumference) was studied through univariate and multivariable linear regression models.
RESULTS
A total of 829 adolescents with a mean age of 14.6±1.62 years were included; 43.3% were male, and 37.0% from private schools. The prevalence of low birth weight was 8.7%. Mild low height prevalence was higher among those adolescents with low/insufficient birth weight when compared to those with normal/high birth weight (11.7 vs. 4.2%; p<0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, for each increase of 100g in birth weight, height increased by 0.28cm (95% CI: 0.18-0.37; p<0.01). Birth weight did not influence office blood pressure and home blood pressure, body mass index, or waist circumference of adolescents.
CONCLUSIONS
Birth weight was directly associated to height, but not associated to blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference in adolescents from an urban area of a developing country.
Topics: Adolescent; Birth Weight; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Nutritional Status; Socioeconomic Factors; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 28843059
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.04.007 -
Early Human Development Dec 2021Maternal behaviors and exposures affect fetal growth and development. Smoking, malnutrition, sedentary behavior, and stress can each lead to fetal programming and...
BACKGROUND
Maternal behaviors and exposures affect fetal growth and development. Smoking, malnutrition, sedentary behavior, and stress can each lead to fetal programming and intra-uterine growth restriction. As a result, tissue development may be impaired. Problems with muscle formation can lead to reductions in muscle performance throughout life. The purpose of this study was to determine if in utero effects on muscle mass, muscle function, or both are responsible for the relationship between size at birth and adult muscle strength.
STUDY DESIGN
One hundred adults (ages 18-40), who were singletons born at term (37-42 weeks), participated. Birth weight was adjusted for gestational age using neonatal growth reference data. Maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) of dominant and non-dominant handgrip, and right and left leg extension were measured. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the association between adjusted birth weight and muscle strength. Sex and lean body mass were covariates.
RESULTS
Dominant handgrip MVC increased by 1.533 kg per 1 SD increase in adjusted birth weight (p = 0.004). Lean body mass had a significant indirect effect on this relationship. The relationship between handgrip strength and adjusted birth weight was strongest among female subjects. No other muscle strength measures were significantly associated with adjusted birth weight.
CONCLUSIONS
Birth size was a significant predictor of handgrip strength in adulthood. Including lean body mass attenuated, but did not remove, the association. Thus, among individuals born to term, having a smaller-than-predicted birth size likely causes both reductions in muscle mass formation and decreased muscle function, ultimately impacting muscle strength in adulthood.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Birth Weight; Body Composition; Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Hand Strength; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muscle Strength; Young Adult
PubMed: 34717155
DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105490